公共座椅的重要性

THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC SEATING

公共空间，是城市环境之于人们的日常生活至关重要的一个方面；同时，良好的公共空间对于现代社区的社会和心理健康也不可或缺。因此，公共空间质量与城市生活质量之间的关系经常被研究者提及。研究强调，高质量、精心设计的公共空间可提升公共领域的生活质量，并为市民带来成功的城市生活，从而影响社区的紧密程度，以及城市的宜居性、安全性、可持续性和活力。

公共空间的物理特征，如公共座椅，影响着户外活动的范围和性质，并被定义为鼓励社交互动的户外空间的有效设计元素。当一个更好的物理框架被创造出来时，人们就会被吸引到户外并参与交谈；户外活动在数量、持续时间和范围上趋于增长。

Public open spaces are one aspect of the urban environment that is of great importance in daily life for people who live in urban areas and good public space is required for the social and psychological health of modern communities. For this reason the relationship between the quality of public spaces and the quality of life in cities was frequently mentioned by researchers. Studies underlines that high quality, well-designed public open space enhances quality of life in the public domain and brings successful urban life for the people, by this way affects the community's closeness and the city's livability , safety, sustainability and vitality.

Physical features of the public space such as public seatings influence the extent and character of outdoor activities and defined as efficient design elements in outdoor spaces to encourage social interaction. Where a better physical framework is created, people can be attracted to stay outdoors and engage in conversations; outdoor activities tend to grow in number, duration and scope.

公共座椅的历史

THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC SEATING

14世纪，托斯卡纳市政座椅被建在广场上，使小型公共空间能够供“戏剧或司法用途”来使用。这些公共座椅帮助“传达了公民行动的感觉，并刺激了大众的使用。”它们大约有半米宽，所以人们不能在上面睡觉。

在19世纪和20世纪，花园椅开始被大批量生产。从前舒适度不高的木雕椅子舒适度被替换为有复杂的植物和动物图案的铁制作。这些座椅“非常不舒服”，很大程度上是因为它们本来就是“没人坐的时候用来展示的座位”。

In the 14th century, Tuscan civic benches were built into plazas, enabling small public spaces to form for “theatrical or tribunal purposes.” These benches helped “convey the sense of civic action and stimulated popular use.” They were about half a meter wide, so you couldn’t sleep on them.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, garden chairs started to be mass produced. Carved wood chairs, which were never comfortable, were now made out of iron, with “intricate plant and animal motifs.” Which were “very uncomfortable,” largely because they were meant to be “show seats when not occupied.”

纽约中央公园的带靠背长椅是最早设计的固定公共座椅之一，由铁制把手和木条混合而成。“它也无法使人真正放松”Hutton补充说。从那时起，街边的公共座椅开始大量出现。没有一个是舒服的，因为当时的想法是“你应该保持自己的姿势，而不是靠在椅子上。”

The Central Park settee, one of the first designed, stationary public benches, was made with a mix of iron handles with wood slats. “It was just under relaxing,” Hutton added. From then, there was a proliferation of “benches in street furniture.” None were particularly comfortable because then the thought was “you should hold your own posture, not rely on the chair.”

在19世纪60年代，第一把舒适的、大批量生产的铁制花园椅诞生了，同时诞生的还有一种低成本的折叠椅——它在军事领域是标志性的，同时也是非洲和亚洲的殖民者的重要特征。这些轻便的花园椅或折叠椅很快便以出租的形式出现在公园里。在凡尔赛的花园里，就有一把可折叠靠背的花园椅。而这样低成本的折叠椅在公共空间的使用一直延续到今天。

In the 1860s, the first comfortable, mass-produced, iron garden chair was created, along with a low-cost folding chair, which was iconic in the military arena and also featured prominently among colonizers in Africa and Asia. These light-weight garden or foldable chairs were soon available for rent in public parks. In the gardens of Versailles, there was a garden chair with a fold-able back. And till now this kind of folding chair is still in use in public spaces.

公共座椅的设计趋势

THE TREND OF PUBLIC SEATING DESIGN

社交型公共座椅

Social Interactive Public Seating

这件作品的名字叫Minamora，在意大利语中，这个名字让人联想到坠入爱河的吉祥概念“M'innamoro”。但实际上，它来自于日语“Minamo”，意思是水面。事实上，Minamora的概念围绕着水的形象，以自由的形式呈现，或者说是自由地脱离了形式；它能够产生波浪，对风做出反应，并通过创造自己的流动与周围的世界互动。另一个特点，是两层座椅之间的“悬浮”和以此悬浮在座椅中心所创造的空间。而且，正如EMBT工作室强调的那样：“我们有意设计和保留了空间的空白，给坐在这些长凳上的人一种被水面包围的感觉。”

The work is called Minamora, a name which, in Italian, conjures up the auspicious concept of falling in love "M'innamoro", but actually comes from the Japanese word "Minamo" which means water surfaces. The concept of Minamora, in fact, revolves around the image of Water, free form, or rather free from form, which is able to generate waves, react to the wind and interact with the surrounding world by creating its own flows. Another feature is the "suspension" between the two layers of the seat and the space that is created at the centre of the seat itself. And, as studio EMBT cares to emphasize "we deliberately designed and engineered an alternation of voids to give people who sit on these benches the feeling of being surrounded by water surfaces."

snøhetta的项目“Zero”是一个5X5米的、内部掏空的巨大大理石立方体。外观非常坚硬，有着尖锐、纯粹的边缘与未完成的表面。然而，当人进入空间，一切都变得柔软。边缘被磨平，墙壁被抛光，地板的线条被利用起来形成座椅，在这个结构中人们可以行走、逗留、坐下和思考片刻。

snøhetta’s project ‘zero’ is an immense marble cube that measures 5 x 5 m, that has been hollowed, leaving it empty within. The exterior is rigid in form with sharp, pure edges with an unfinished surface. however, when one enters the space, the dynamic changes. everything softens. Edges are smoothed, walls are polished and the lines of the floors are formed to create seats resulting in a structure in which one can walk, linger, sit down and think for a moment.

02

成年人的游乐场

Adult Playground

设计Impulse的灵感来自Joy Division专辑《未知的乐趣》的标志性封面，以及Steve Reich的系列极简音乐，以重复的节奏和切分循环播放。设计探索了建筑是如何将声音可视化的。通过30个互动的声学照明跷跷板，蒙特利尔景观广场的艺术节被转变为一个城市戏剧空间，这些跷跷板在运动时做出反应和变换。两个长度的跷跷板形成了光和声音的单位，可以被公众激活和播放，创造一个短暂的、不断变化的事件。Impulse体现了序列、重复和变化的思想，在大的公共空间中创造了既充满强度又平静的区域。不使用时，跷跷板维持水平，保持在较低的发光水平。当使用者激活并倾斜时，连接着LED灯和扬声器的跷跷板将增强光的强度并发出声音序列。30个跷跷板沿着场地不断起伏变化着，垂直运动创造出动态的光和声波——Impulse是一种不断变化的城市乐器。

Inspired by the iconic cover of the Joy Division album “Unknown Pleasures”, as well as Steve Reich’s serial, minimal music, which plays with repetition, rhythm and syncopation, Impulse project explores how architecture can visualize sound. The Place des Festival in Quartier des Spectacle is transformed into a space of urban play through a series of thirty interactive acoustic illuminated see-saws that respond and transform when in motion. The seesaws, of 2 lengths, form units of light and sound that can be activated and played by the public to create a temporal, ever-changing event. Impulse embodies ideas of serialism, repetition, and variation to produce zones of intensity and calm within a large public space. When not in use, the see-saws stabilize to the horizontal and remain at a lower glowing level. When activated by users and inclined, the see-saws, wired to LED lights and a speaker, will augment in light intensification and emit a sound sequence. The 30 see-saws shift along the length of the Place des Festival in plan, while their vertical motion creates a dynamic light and sound wave. Impulse is an ever-changing urban instrument.

Swing Time是一个互动游乐场，它位于波士顿会议展览中心附近的一个临时公园中。它由Höweler + Yoon建筑公司设计建造，有20个发光的秋千，在使用时可以从白色切换到紫色。

Swing Time is an interactive playground set up in a temporary park near the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center. Created by Höweler + Yoon Architecture, the play area features 20 illuminated swings that switch from white to purple when they're in use.

03

超验感 & 实验精神

Transcendental & Experimental

如今社交机制的改变让现实城市百年的越来越像一座“社交孤岛”，哪怕是“看天”这样简单的行为，在愈发漠然、排他的“众生相”般的市井间，也显得格外的真诚珍贵。“同聚于蓝天”为旨，“天空之镜”为意，镜与凳的组合试图引导人们完成“一同坐下来看看天”的启示行为。

With the change of social mechanism, modern cities are becoming increasingly like an "isolated island of communications", even if it is simply a behavior of "looking at the sky", it is getting particularly sincere and precious in the current indifferent and exclusive city context. Themed as “gathered under the blue sky”, with the idea of “sky mirror”, the combination of mirror and stool attempts to guide people to complete the enlightening behavior of sitting down together to enjoy the sky.